Resources & references

The mission of the Academy of Neurologic Music Therapy is to disseminate, advance, and protect the practice of NMT worldwide. The vision of the Academy is to promulgate NMT as the gold standard in music therapy practice and to increase the availability of this gold standard in the healthcare arena. While formalized training in Neurologic Music Therapy first began in 1999 in an effort to advance the professional education and understanding of the scientific and evidence-based practice of Neurologic Music Therapy, the Academy of Neurologic Music Therapy was established in 2014 as a non-for-profit organization (section 501 (c)3 ) whose mission is to disseminate, advance and protect the practice of NMT worldwide by facilitating endeavors in the areas of Continuing Education, Student Training, Research, Information Sharing, and Reimbursement.  The Academy maintains an Advisory Council, which consists of practicing NMT clinicians who advise on all matters related to the professional and scientific development of NMT.

A list of key NMT publications (research) is available here 

This pilot controlled prospective and cohort trial assessed feasibility and effects of twice-weekly group West African drum circle classes for 6 weeks on Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients’ quality of life, symptoms, motor findings, cognition, and mood. Drum circle classes significantly and reversibly improved quality of life in patients with PD.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized primarily by a dysfunctional basal ganglia (BG) system, producing
motor and non-motor symptoms. A significant number of studies have demonstrated that rhythmic auditory
stimulation can improve gait and other motor behaviors in PD that are not well managed by the conventional
therapy. As music, being highly complex stimulus, can modulate brain activity/function in distributed areas of
brain, the therapeutic properties of music potentially extend to alleviate non-motor symptoms of PD. Despite the
clinical, behavioral evidence and promises of rhythm and music based interventions, the neural substrates underlying the effectiveness are poorly understood. The goal of this review is to appraise the current state of
knowledge in order to direct further neuroimaging studies that help to determine the therapeutic effects of
rhythm and music based interventions for motor and non-motor symptoms of PD.

 Music therapy is being used in Calgary to help individuals with neurological conditions work towards their goals

 Elizabeth Stegemöller presents at the TEDx Iowa State University event on music therapy and it's impacts on the brain. She is a music therapist and utilizes music therapy to treat people with Parkinson's disease.

 Article describes research findings of music therapy with individuals recovering from a stroke or who are managing Parkinson's disease. This article discusses the use of music therapy for neurorehabilitation

Entrainment is defined by a temporal locking process in which one system’s motion or signal frequency entrains the frequency of another system. This process is a universal phenomenon that can be observed in physical (e.g., pendulum clocks) and biological systems (e.g. fire flies). However, entrainment can also be observed between human sensory and motor systems. The function of rhythmic entrainment in rehabilitative training and learning was established for the first time by Thaut and colleagues in several research studies in the early 1990s. It was shown that the inherent periodicity of auditory rhythmic patterns could entrain movement patterns in patients with movement disorders (see for a review: Thaut et al, 1999). Physiological, kinematic and behavioral movement analysis showed very quickly that entrainment cues not only changed the timing of movement but also improved spatial and force parameters. Mathematical models have shown that anticipatory rhythmic templates as critical time constraints can result in the complete specification of the dynamics of a movement over the entire movement cycle, thereby optimizing motor planning and execution. Furthermore, temporal rhythmic entrainment has been successfully extended into applications in cognitive rehabilitation and speech and language rehabilitation, and thus become one of the major neurological mechanisms linking music and rhythm to brain rehabilitation. These findings provided a scientific basis for the development of Neurologic Music Therapy.

In this news report, giants in their fields of music and science, soprano Renee Fleming and phyician and geneticist Francis Collins, are merging their knowledge to propel advancements in body and mind. Recent discoveries are shared. A recent international gathering of researchers, therapists and artists took stock of what is known and what is yet to be discovered. 

The focus of this paper is threefold: 1) an overview of empirical studies using natural movement sounds and movement sonification in sports; 2) a review of recent clinical and applied studies using rhythmic auditory information and sonification in rehabilitation, addressing in particular studies on Parkinson’s disease and stroke; 3) Summary of current evidence regarding the cognitive mechanisms and neural correlates underlying the processing of auditory information during movement execution and its mental representation. 

This film shares the story of three people who have been supported through the power of music.
Music therapy helps people of all ages find their voice. Music therapy is unique in connecting at an emotional level, while improving speech, movement and learning skills.

This magazine article advocates for more music therapy access and services in residential facilities for older adults in Australia. The text lists potential benefits for residents and older adults.